Hypopituitarism in Adults: Rational Approaches to Diagnosis and Treatment

Abstract Pituitary hormones are responsible for the regulation of growth, development, metabolism, reproduction, and homeostasis. Hypopituitarism is a condition that defined as partial or complete insufficiency anterior pituitary hormone secretion, rarely, posterior secretion. This can result from diseases gland hypothalamus. The annual incidence hypopituitarism has been estimated to be 4.2 per 100,000 yearly, prevalence at 45.5 100,000. symptoms vary. onset insidious depends on number deficiencies their degree severity. deficiency in substantial clinical changes increase risk morbidity mortality. People commonly report persistent decline quality life, both which explained, least part, by inherent shortcomings replacement strategies ability imitate normal secretion processes. diagnosis straightforward measuring lowered basal levels. In cases where levels uncertain have identified, it may necessary perform provocative testing hypothalamic–pituitary axis. hypothalamus region imaged using magnetic resonance imaging, provides useful anatomical information. When necessary, genetic studies added diagnostic approach. treatment consists physiological individual end-organ deficiencies, careful monitoring required throughout patient's entire life. Individualized therapy considers potential interactions recommended. article an overview pathophysiology, presentation, general guidelines, options hypopituitarism.